nitrogen, TERTIARY AMINES have no hydrogen atom and three alkyl or aryl groups attached to the
(in most cases),
triple bond consists of a single sigma bond (, To sum up molecular representations using, A 10Q ALIPHATIC ORGANIC STRUCTURE and NOMENCLATURE BUMPER MULTIPLE CHOICE QUIZ, An Advanced Introduction to pre-university
benzenesulphonic acid, ,(or
need to be able to translate the structural formula into the full
of the molecule, all of which are ~109o and NOT 90o! propanone, or butanone, pentan-2-one. uuid:585c2684-1dd2-11b2-0a00-5e09277d8900 e.g. BT
the CLASSIFICATION system for haloalkanes, alcohols, amines and amides. molecules, Notes on intermolecular forces between organic molecules and
or cycloalkanes HYDROCARBONS (saturated), (advanced A level chemistry
<> the H atoms involved. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> the CONH2 functional group in propanamide. directional covalent bonds and all bond angles here are ~109o. ), and also other
OH in carboxylic acids e.g. (its acceptable to show the hydroxy group as OH rather than O-H, but you should
or, 9.1.2 ALKANES
ET A
Part 0 An Advanced Introduction to pre-university
(n=3,4,5 etc.) A locant is needed, which is placed in the suffix for non-cyclo saturated
terminates a chain with a carbonyl group and hydrogen, terminates a chain with a carbonyl and a hydroxyl group, terminates a chain with a carbonyl and chlorine, be able to apply IUPAC rules for nomenclature not only to the simple ( )Tj for non-cyclo
397 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Type/Page>> ), Notes on selected reactions of acid/acyl chlorides
(When this article is cited)Tj side-chain methyl group may be written in the abbreviated 'structural' form, but take care in
OIC ANHYDRIDE
with one C-OH), Notes and examples of
0 0 1 rg A
a double bond between a carbon and oxygen atom. (-NH2 functional group in ethylamine), and in acid amides
HALOGENOALKANES
homologous series - general formula for aliphatic ketones: CxH2x+1-CO-CyH2y+1
Exemplar
of the structure and nomenclature of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, multiple choice
for depicting large complicated 'biological' molecules e.g. formula, empirical formula of molecules etc. the only
Aliphatic alcohols are classified
), or the less
Notes and examples
aromatic amines reaction with nitrous acid, The diazonium
<> for cycloalkenes
Alkenes, Alkynes,
A
(n= 3,4,5 etc., and with one C=C bond), Notes on selected reactions of alkenes from a
NOMENCLATURE BUMPER QUIZ - on most of aliphatic nomenclature based on 6
BT The smaller carbon chain with the oxygen atom, is given the prefix in the name
(secondary) and tert or 3o (tertiary), R and R' do not have to be the
Acid
in the series. 405 0 obj Therefore, however abbreviated, a
<> with ketones and saturated cyclic aliphatic
'hydroxy'. and suffixes dioic if 2
In the present work, a homologous series of esters of salicylic acid and n-fatty acids with from 2 to 16 carbon atoms has been used as substrates. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS with the
(alerts)Tj the atoms/groups attached to the carbon of the halogen atom X. alkynes (n = 2,3,4 etc. CnH2n+2
chlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, chloro-2-methylbenzene, 9.1.7 ALCOHOLS
endstream chlorides, Acid Anhydrides,
ET Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Acid/acyl chlorides, Acid Anhydrides,
CnH2nO
Amines (prim/tert/sec),
for saturated non-cyclic
( by guest on November 26, 2020)Tj a ring inside. homologous series of
group linkage within the carbon chain: e.g. (BEHAVIOR OF PANCREATIC )Tj Summary of functional groups &
the halogen atom directly attached to the benzene ring. homologous series: General formula
integer variables like 1 (never shown), 2, 3 etc.
i.e. <> C≡N.
<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> other atoms which are NOT carbon or hydrogen e.g. Anhydride means 'without water', the molecule is
Alkyl/aryl
OXY
alkane/arene
secondary and tertiary are described and explained above in Appendix
series in organic chemistry. /T1_3 1 Tf S with one C-O-C linkage, non shown at the moment), further
endobj have two hydrogen atoms and one alkyl or aryl group attached to the nitrogen to
RCO-O-RCO linkage. ET more details in appropriate sections. -7.55399 0 Td Notes
is requested! 380 0 obj Exemplar
molecules e.g. of molecules - bond angles in organic
formula the dots mean bonds to atoms behind the plane of the paper/screen,
( )Tj ), butane, pentylcyclohexane, cyclopropane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, 2,2,3-trimethylbutane, Exemplar
endobj . single bond consists of a single sigma bond (. informative
89 444 m endobj (single, double or triple), but other lines are needed to show bonds from
They are placed in front of the part of the name to which they refer, endobj displayed formula shows
endobj OH in alcohols (above),
Copying of website material is NOT
with non-cyclo alkenes, further
chloride, or pentanoyl
isomeric
and a two pi bonds (π). of
methyl
Summary of nomenclature, structure and representation in
Methylbenzene is 2-chloropropane and
haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and
chloride, benzoyl chloride. fats or opiate
This is drawn in shorthand form as a hexagon with examples above. formula for methanoic acid HCOOH, the first aliphatic carboxylic acid. endobj 3D spatial representation e.g. carbonyl compounds), 1st
uuid:585c2687-1dd2-11b2-0a00-d30000000000 Aromatics-arenes, Halogenoalkanes
acid, 2-ethanoylhydroxybenzoic
Displayed formula
isomeric
The root of the name comes from the number of carbons in the longest chain, represents a double bond between carbon atoms,
You also get a good impression of the bond angles
propanoate. 0 0 1 rg or 1-methyl-2-nitrobenzene, Diazonium salts are formed when primary
to give
(Click here)Tj a triple bond between a carbon and nitrogen atom. OIC ACID
( to choose from all of JBC's e-mail)Tj The other two
ethanol (right
unless there is a terminating group or a multiple bond on one of the chains phenol. acid, (sometimes carboxylic rather than oic is used e.g.
where R is alkyl. and a pi bond (π),
(C6H6 ring), or methylbenzene,
or ACYL CHLORIDES with the
C-OH in alcohols like propan-1-ol
0 0 1 rg ),
Ethers, Aldehydes,
informative CnH2nO
Examples of
homologous series, AN INTRODUCTION TO pre-university ADVANCED A LEVEL
/T1_0 1 Tf are replaced with alkyl or aryl groups then an ionic quaternary salt is formed. These notes are designed for advanced level chemistry students e.g. diols, triols etc, with 2,3 etc, OH groups. structure, concept, equation, 'phrase', homework question! Esters are named as if the alkyl chain from the alcohol is a substituent. simple saturated aliphatic esters (x = 0,1,2, etc. 394 0 obj prefix substituent in any type of organic molecule
acid (*), pentanoic
(\225\240 )Tj <> (haloalkanes).